The presence of Limoges Jews seems to date back at least to the 10th century when persecutions are mentioned in texts from that period, including those of the author Adhémar de Chabannes. Among the Jewish personalities of the Middle Ages, Rabbi Isaac of Limoges.

Many Alsatian Jews found refuge in Limoges during the war. The contemporary Jewish community was formed after the war and reached a number of more than 600 people at the turn of the 1970s, but gradually saw the departure of many young people.

Due to the large number of antisemitic attacks since the beginning of the 21st century, the Jewish community in Limoges, which consisted of few families, attracted the settlement of Jews from the region of Ile-de-France living in areas where they felt threatened. Today, the Limousin Jews have a   synagogue and represent a little less than one hundred families.