Jews have lived in Utrecht on and off, and under varying circumstances, since the 14th century. During the 15th century, Jews lived in the center of the city in a street that is still called (Jew’s Row), located in a courtyard behind the Bakkerstraat. In 1546, King Charles V banned Jews from residing within the entire bishopric of Utrecht. Therefore, the first Jew to obtain citizenship ...
Plus d'infosContenus associés au mot-clé “war”
Rotterdam
In 1610, the city fathers of Rotterdam issued permits to engage in trade within the city to small number of Portuguese Jewish merchants. The permits guaranteed freedom of worship and the right to build a synagogue and establish a cemetery. In 1612, these provisions were challenged by the local Remonstrant Church. This prompted a number of Jewish families to depart Rotterdam for Amsterdam. ...
Plus d'infosVeghel
Several Jewish families settled in Veghel during the 18th century (around 1731) despite the opposition of local authorities. Most of the Jews who settled in Veghel came to the village from nearby Nistelrode or Dinther. During the second quarter of the 19th century, an organized Jewish community was established in Veghel. The community at Veghel opened a synagogue on the Achterdijk, the ...
Plus d'infosVinnytsa
Plus d'infos
Compiègne
The Compiègne Memorial was inaugurated in 2008. Since then, more than 90000 people visited the museum. Between 1941 and 1944, this camp was one of the principal transit points of France. About 45000 were imprisoned in Compiègne: political prisoners, mostly communists, and foreigners (Russians, Americans and Jews). The museum is now housed in the barracks.
Plus d'infosErstein
Jews were only allowed to establish in Erstein in 1850. The synagogue was destroyed in April 1941 by the Nazis and its furnitures sold at auctions. The synagogue was rebuilt in 1957 and is still active today.
Plus d'infosSabbioneta
Sabbioneta is a special city: it was created in the sixteenth century by prince Vespasiano I Gonzaga Colonna according to the architectural principles of the Renaissance. In this “ideal city”, a Jewish ghetto was included. In 1551, Tobias Foa opened an Hebrew printing house in Sabbioneta. Although the community was described as “lively” in the nineteenth century, there ...
Plus d'infosNaples
A small community lived in Naples between the first century and the expulsion in 1541. Jews came back to Naples in 1831. They were about 1000 at the beginning of the twentieth century and 534 after the war (14 members of the community were deported). Today the community numbers around 200 members. The city’s synagogue, located Via Cappella Vecchia also houses the Jewish community of ...
Plus d'infosLecce
Lecce had one of the most prominent Jewish settlements in the Neapolitan kingdom before the expulsion of the Jews. Though there is no evidence of a Jewish presence prior to the 15th century, there are traces its existence Lecce at the time of the Normans (G. T. Tanzi, “Gli Statuti della Città di Lecce,” p. 19, Lecce, 1898). Their occupations were mostly textile dyeing (silk and wool), ...
Plus d'infosBari
Unlike other cities in the region of Apulia, there are now very few traces of the Jewish presence in Bari, although we know that the community was very developed. The city was, in the 12th century, a recognized center of Talmudic studies. The which housed the place of worship of the community – now renamed Via Sabino attests of the importance of the Jewish life in Bari. In the of the ...
Plus d'infosRakovnik
Rakovnik is located between Prague and Plzen; 32 miles west of Prague, and 30 milesnortheast of Plzen. Jews are on record as living in Rakovnik since 1441. Between 1618 and 1621 three Jewish families from the nearby town of Senomaty came to live at Rakovnik. In 1690 there were 38 Jews living in the town and 1724 seven Jewish families had made Rakovnik their home. The Jewish community was ...
Plus d'infosBreclav
The Jewish presence in Breclav dates to the sixteenth century. The ghetto, constructed in the seventeenth century can still be visited. The neo-Roman style Synagogue built in 1888. Closed by the Nazis, it served as a warehouse for a half century. The synagogue today houses a cultural center, an exhibition hall and an auditorium. In 2000, a plaque was affixed in the synagogue’s entrance ...
Plus d'infosPolná
Polná is located in Bohemia, about 70 miles South West of Prague. Jews started settling in Polná in the fifteenth century. The ghetto was created in the seventeenth century, some houses can still be seen. The synagogue was built in 1682. Destroyed by a fire, it was restored in the nineteenth century. It served as a place for worship until 1936, then was used as a store for confiscated Jewish ...
Plus d'infosHartmanice
Hartmanice is located South-West of Bohemia, in a mountainous region close to the Austrian border. Hartmanice Synagogue, also called “Mountain Synagogue” was built in 1881 that would become a new house of prayer for the growing Jewish community of Hartmanice (about 10% of the population). After the annexation of the region in 1938, the synagogue was confiscated by the Nazis. It ...
Plus d'infosTrondheim
Trondheim’s synagogue is doubly unusual: it is the northernmost synagogue in the world and the only one that, for a time, served as a train station! The Jewish community in Trondheim has never really recovered from the mass deportation of its members in March 1942. The city’s Jews were arrested by the Norwegian police and were detained at the Falstad camp, near Trondheim. Today, ...
Plus d'infosMalmö
Danish Jews evacuated during the Nazi occupation arrived by boat in Malmö thanks to Count Folke Bernadotte. Some Jews died after their arrival and are buried in the city cemetery, where a monument honors their memory. A Jewish community (originally made up of German Jews) was established in this city on the Baltic coast facing Copenhagen in 1871, shortly after the emancipation. It now numbers ...
Plus d'infosDenmark
On the approximately 8000 Jews living in the country of Denmark, the great majority of them as Ashkenazim who make Copenhagen their home. In 1968, 2500 Polish Jews fled the anti-Semitic purges led by the Communist government there and settled in the capital and in Arhus.
Plus d'infosZolkiew (Zhovkva)
Established in 1594 by the waywode Stanislaw Zolkiewski, Zolkiew was built, like other Polish cities, according to the Renaissance notion of the “ideal city” imported from Italy by theorist Pietro Cattanneo. The city is laid out in orderly fashion around the vast rynek (central square), from where are visible the castle (in the seventeenth century the royal residence of the Polish ...
Plus d'infosRovno (Rivne)
On the road from Lvov to Kiev, the most important city is Rivne, formerly a Polish city called Rovno, that was over 40% Jewish before the war. It is worth a stop to see what remains of its Jewish quarter on Zamkowa Street; the spacious Wielka (Ancient) Synagogue at the street’s intersection with Skolna Street towered over the whole neighborhood (it has since been converted into a ...
Plus d'infosBrody
The city of Brody, founded in 1584 by Stanislaw Zolkiewski, started expanding in 1629 when the waywode Stanislaw Koniecpolski called on engineer and artillery captain Guillaume Levasseur de Beauplan to built fortifications and establish a zoning plan for the new city. After Polish Galicia’s annexation by Austria in 1772, for a hundred years (1779-1880) Brody was granted the status of ...
Plus d'infosLvov
Lvov -Lviv in Ukrainian, Lwów in Polish, Lemberg in German, Léopold in French- a city long Polish, then Austro-Hungarian, was again Polish between the wars. Annexed in 1939 by the Soviet Union after the German-Soviet nonaggression pact, it was occupied from 1941 to 1944 by Nazi Germany, taken back by the Soviets after the Second World War, and later reattached to Ukraine. The Jewish community ...
Plus d'infosMedzhibozh
Medzhibozh, in Podolia, has been a mythic city for Jewish communities ever since Israel ben Eliezer, better known today as Baal Shem Tov, settled there in 1740. Israel ben Eliezer, the Baal Shem Tov Israel ben Eliezer (1700-60), also known as Baal Shem Tov (Master of the Good Name) or Besht, was the founder of the Hasidic movement, which had a great influence in the eighteenth and nineteenth ...
Plus d'infosOdessa
Established in 1794, Odessa was captured by Admiral de Ribas from the Turks for Empress Catherine II of Russia. The city developed rapidly during the nineteenth century, largely due to the arrival of colonists from “New Russia”. It soon became a melting pot of Russians, French, Armenians, Poles, Greeks, Moldavians, and Jews. Forbidden to reside in Saint Petersburg, Moscow or Kiev, ...
Plus d'infosKiev
From the outset, the history of Kiev has been tied to that of its Jewish community. One of the earliest references to the city is in a tenth-century document discovered in the genizah in a Cairo synagogue: a letter sent to Kiev by Jacob bar Hanuker. A synagogue in Kiev proper is mentioned in a document dating to 1113. A zhydovskie vorota (Jewish gate) is mentioned in a text from 1146, near ...
Plus d'infosUkraine
Ukraine, the largest of the former Soviet Republics, is, along with Belarus and Lithuania, heir to the former "Pale of Settlement", the buffer zone designed t contain the Jews within the westernmost margins of the Russian Empire. Despite considerable losses due to the Shoah and resulting emigration, Ukraine still contains a large Jewish community (around 500000 members, or 1% of the ...
Plus d'infosVilnius
The capital of Vilnius, once known as the “Jerusalem of the east” has few Jewish monuments today. However, in the last few years, the Museum of the Gaon of Vilnius has made significant efforts to promote the city’s Jewish culture and heritage. The Shulhof, the large 3000-seat synagogue built in 1630, was partly destroyed by the Nazis in 1941. The remains of the synagogue ...
Plus d'infosBobruysk
The city of Bobruysk was once a typical Belarusian shtetl. In 1897, 20759 Jews lived here (60,5% of the population), while in 1926, the Jewish community had a population of 21558 (42%). To form an image of what a Jewish city once looked like, explore the downtown area of Dzerjinsky Street and its marketplace. Stroll down Karl Marx Street and Komsomolskaya Street with their typical balconies, ...
Plus d'infosMinsk
Minsk, the capital of Belarus, first welcomed Jews in the fifteenth century. They settled here to engage in the trade between Poland and Russia. After Poland was divided, the Jewish community began to grow: it consisted of 47560 members at the time of the 1897 census, or 52% of the population. The Germans arrived in Minsk on 28 June 1941, only six days after launching their offensive, and the ...
Plus d'infosSubotica
Subotica’s synagogue, built in 1903, was converted into a theater after the war. The building was renovated in 2005. It is located in the city center a few steps from city hall. In the Jewish cemetery, a monument commemorates the victims of the Shoah.
Plus d'infosNovi Sad
The Jewish community of Voivodina’s capital was, until World War II, one of the most prosperous in all Yugoslavia. Present since the city was founded in the late seventeenth century and 4000 members strong before its extermination, the community was keen on building structures to rival those of other ethnic groups in this majority-Hungarian Catholic city (it belonged to the ...
Plus d'infos