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The Jewish presence in Graz seems to date back to the Middle Ages, but the only certainties point to the 12th century, but the first mention is in 1261. A Jewish community was formed at the end of the 14th century, which had a synagogue, a mikveh and a cemetery. As in most other Austrian cities, the community was very small until the end of the 18th century. In 1783, Jews were again ...
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The Jewish presence in Innsbruck dates back to at least the 13th century, but they settled here mainly from the beginning of the 17th century, during the reign of Duke Ferdinand II (1618-1623). In this tolerant era, they participated in civic life. However, following his death, these rights and permissions were limited, and most were expelled in the 18th century. It was not until the ...
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The Jewish presence in the city seems to date from the 13th century. Following the expulsion, they only resettled there in a stable manner at the end of the 16th century, even if their numbers were very small. This did not prevent a synagogue from being built there in 1683. The Jewish population only increased in the 19th century, from 19 in 1805 to 750 in 1869 and nearly 5,000 in 1930. Many ...
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Archaeologists have discovered an oil lamp dating from the 4th century. A menorah was found on it. Documentary evidence of Jews living in Augsburg dates from 1212. Records from the second half of the 13th century show a well-organized community, and mention the Judenhaus (1259), the synagogue and cemetery (1276), the ritual bathhouse, and “dancehall” for weddings (1290). ...
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A Jewish community is first mentioned in Leipzig at the end of the 12th century; and an organized community with a synagogue and a school existed from the second quarter of the 13th century. Its central location attracted Jewish traders from all over Europe to the Trade Fair. The fair regulations of Leipzig of 1268 guaranteed protection to all merchants and moved the day of the market from ...
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The history of the Jews in Speyer reaches back over 1,000 years. In the Middle Ages, the city of Speyer (formerly Spira), Germany, was home to one of the most significant Jewish communities in the Holy Roman Empire. Its significance is attested to by the frequency of the Ashkenazi Jewish surname Shapiro/Shapira and its variants Szpira/Spiro/Speyer. The community was totally wiped out in 1940 ...
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