Location
Caen and the rest of the region
Traveling rabbis served the small local communities, made up of several or more families (some ten at Evreux and Lisieux, around two hundred at Le Havre). The only sizable community structure, a ...
Location
Rouen
In medieval times, there was an intense intellectual life around the synagogue’s Talmudic school in what was called “Le Clos aux Juifs” (the Jews’ Enclosure). Contrary to ...
Location
Normandy
Jewish life in Normandy was focused around Caen and Rouen. The Jewish community lives in the region since the Roman empire until their expulsion in 1182. During the Middle Ages, Normandy was the ...
Location
Estonia
The Estonian Jewish community is the smallest of the Baltic states, and historically, the one that played the least important role in Yiddishland before the Shoah. Indeed, the community never ...
Location
Latvia
The Jewish community of Latvia traces its origins to the middle of the fourteenth century. Numbering today some 15000 persons, it developed in the principalities of Kurland and Livonia, ...
Location
Lithuania
The Jewish community of Lithuania numbers only some 6000. People It is no more than a shadow of what it once was: until the Shoah, it was a center of the Yiddish-speaking lands. In a sense, ...
Location
Belarus
The Republic of Belarus is a state formed of the disintegration of the Soviet Union. It has retained, however, close ties to Moscow. Historically, Belarus belonged to Lithuania in the fourteenth ...
Location
Bosnia-Herzegovina
In Sarajevo, where most of Bosnia's Jews lived, the earliest refugees from the Iberian Peninsula began arriving around 1565, having first stopped in Italy, Greece, Bulgaria, and other regions ...
Location
Greece
Below the Acropolis is Athens, a marble plaque engraved with a menorah has been uncovered amid the clutter of the Agora, near a statue of Emperor Hadrien. Perhaps it used to rest on one of the ...
Location
Turkey
In the beautiful synagogue of Ahrida, one of the oldest in Istanbul, the tevah assumes the shape of a caravel symbolizing not only Noah's Ark but also the vessels that in 1492 transported the ...
Location
Bulgaria
In a medieval miniature, Bulgarian Czarina Sara figures beside her husband, Czar Alexander, a two children, Shishman and Tamara. A Jewish queen, Sara of Turvono was obliged to convert to ...
Location
Romania
There is little evidence of a Jewish presence on the coats of the Black Sea before the arrival of Roman legions in the early second century C.E. Vestiges, coins, and inscriptions preserved in a ...
Location
Poland
Poland represents the most illustrious and tragic chapter in European Jewish history. For centuries, this country was the most welcoming to Jews fleeing Germany, Spain, and southern Europe; the ...
Location
Czech Republic
Below the bell tower of Prague's Jewish city hall, there are two clock faces. One displays Roman numerals, and the other Hebrew letters. The hands of the first clock revolve in the normal ...
Location
Slovakia
The history of Jews in Slovakia -dating from the sixteenth century under the protection of the Hapsburg- intersects that of their fellow believers in Hungary and the Czech Republic. Jews in these ...
Location
Hungary
At the Jewish Museum of Budapest, a replica of a tombstone dating from the third century bears the image of a menorah. This relic attests to nearly 1700 years of Jewish presence in the Carpathian ...
Location
Croatia
Jewish settlers had to wait until the death of Austria's Catholic and very anti-Semitic Archduchess Maria Theresa and the ascension of her her tolerant son, Joseph II, to gain the right to ...
Location
Slovenia
A Slavic land under Germanic rule for many centuries, Slovenia finally gained independence in 1991. The fate of the Jewish population here depended largely over the years on the good will of its ...
Location
Portugal
Portugal became an autonomous kingdom under Henry of Burgundy, a prince of French origin. His son, Alfonso I, was the first king of Portugal (1114-85). The history of its Jewish population ...
Location
Spain
There are numerous legends surrounding the arrival of the Jews in Spain. They were propagated by Jewish and Christian chroniclers, especially in the sixteenth century. Some say they came in the ...
Location
Switzerland
Jewish craftsmen and merchants settled in Switzerland's Roman cities between the third and fourth centuries, but the first documents that mention them date only from the thirteenth century. ...
Site
Karl Marx House
Brückenstraße 10, 54290 Trier Tel: +49 (0) 651 970680 https://www.fes.de/marx/index_gr.html
Site
Heinrich Heine Institute
Bilker Str. 12-14, 40213 Düsseldorf Tel: +49 (0) 211 8992902 https://www.duesseldorf.de/heineinstitut/
Location
Germany
At the end of the nineteenth century, an international conference took place sponsored by the Zionist Organisation that was dedicated to the problem of the future national language of the Jewish ...
Site
Jewish Museum of the Deportation and Resistance
Kazerne Dossin, 153 Goswin de Stassartstraat, 2800 Mechelen Tel : +32 15 29 06 60 https://www.kazernedossin.eu
Site
Jewish Museum of Belgium
21, rue des Minimes, 1000 Bruxelles Tel: + 32 (0) 2 512 19 63 Musée Juif de Belgique – Art et histoire du judaïsme et des Juifs en Belgique. (mjb-jmb.org)
Site
Sephardic Synagogue
154, rue Roosendael, 1090 Brussels Tel : +32 475 40 26 49 http://www.cisu.be/
Site
Beth Hillel Synagogue
80, rue des Primeurs, 1090 Bruxelles Tel: +32 (0) 2 332 25 28 http://www.beth-hillel.org/
Site
Grand Synagogue of Brussels
32, rue de la Régence, 1000 Brussels Tel: +32 (0) 2 512 43 34 The Great Synagogue Europe | Synagogue | Bruxelles (synaregence.eu)
Site
Central Israelite Consistory of Belgium
2, rue Joseph Dupont, 1000 Bruxelles Tel: +32 (0) 2 512 43 34 http://www.jewishcom.be/