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Poland represents the most illustrious and tragic chapter in European Jewish history. For centuries, this country was the most welcoming to Jews fleeing Germany, Spain, and southern Europe; the continent largest Jewish community was born here, enjoying privileges and autonomy granted by the different kings and developing an incredibly rich culture of its own. Ultimately, however, Poland wound ...
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Below the bell tower of Prague's Jewish city hall, there are two clock faces. One displays Roman numerals, and the other Hebrew letters. The hands of the first clock revolve in the normal clockwise direction while those of the second turn counterclockwise, following the customary manner of reading Hebrew right to left. Such clocks are rare, and this is the only one of its kind adorning a ...
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The history of Jews in Slovakia -dating from the sixteenth century under the protection of the Hapsburg- intersects that of their fellow believers in Hungary and the Czech Republic. Jews in these three countries experienced the same vicissitudes of discrimination, expulsions, and, in the seventeenth century, the acquisition of some civil rights. Numerous Jews from neighboring Moravia flocked ...
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At the Jewish Museum of Budapest, a replica of a tombstone dating from the third century bears the image of a menorah. This relic attests to nearly 1700 years of Jewish presence in the Carpathian basin, predating that of the Magyar tribes who broke free from the confines of the Ural Mountains during the ninth century. The modern history of Judaism in Hungary goes all the way back to ...
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Jewish settlers had to wait until the death of Austria's Catholic and very anti-Semitic Archduchess Maria Theresa and the ascension of her her tolerant son, Joseph II, to gain the right to establish communities in northern Croatia, which at the time had been Hapsburg territory for nearly three centuries.
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A Slavic land under Germanic rule for many centuries, Slovenia finally gained independence in 1991. The fate of the Jewish population here depended largely over the years on the good will of its princes. Nonetheless, the Jewish presence in the region goes back to antiquity. Archaeological digs have revealed a tomb engraved with a menorah at the Skocjan site, which likely dates back to the ...
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Portugal became an autonomous kingdom under Henry of Burgundy, a prince of French origin. His son, Alfonso I, was the first king of Portugal (1114-85). The history of its Jewish population differs from that of the Jews on the Iberian Peninsula. Alfonso was aware of the importance of the Jewish communities he had freed from the Muslim yoke and granted them his protection, putting the chief ...
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There are numerous legends surrounding the arrival of the Jews in Spain. They were propagated by Jewish and Christian chroniclers, especially in the sixteenth century. Some say they came in the time of King Solomon, following in the wake of the Phoenician sailors; others that the event was one consequence of their exile from Judaea, as ordered by Nebuchadrezzar.
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Jewish craftsmen and merchants settled in Switzerland's Roman cities between the third and fourth centuries, but the first documents that mention them date only from the thirteenth century. Throughout the following two centuries, Jews were regularly accused of ritualistic crimes on Christian children and poisoning wells.
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Brückenstraße 10, 54290 Trier +49 (0) 651 970680 https://www.fes.de/marx/index_gr.html
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Bilker Str. 12-14, 40213 Düsseldorf +49 (0) 211 8992902 https://www.duesseldorf.de/heineinstitut/
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At the end of the nineteenth century, an international conference took place sponsored by the Zionist Organisation that was dedicated to the problem of the future national language of the Jewish state. A heated debate was held and the question put to vote: Hebrew won out only by several votes over German to become the national language. As absurd as it might seem, the language of Goethe ...
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Kazerne Dossin, 153 Goswin de Stassartstraat, 2800 Mechelen Tel : +32 15 29 06 60 https://www.kazernedossin.eu
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21, rue des Minimes, 1000 Bruxelles + 32 (0) 2 512 19 63 Musée Juif de Belgique – Art et histoire du judaïsme et des Juifs en Belgique. (mjb-jmb.org)
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154, rue Roosendael, 1090 Brussels Tel : +32 475 40 26 49 http://www.cisu.be/
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80, rue des Primeurs, 1090 Bruxelles 01132 (0) 2 332 25 28 http://www.beth-hillel.org/
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32, rue de la Régence, 1000 Brussels +32 (0) 2 512 43 34 The Great Synagogue Europe | Synagogue | Bruxelles (synaregence.eu)
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2, rue Joseph Dupont, 1000 Bruxelles 01132 (0) 2 512 43 34 http://www.jewishcom.be/
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The history of the Belgian Jews is similar to that of the Jews of western Europe generally, involving migrations and internal changes as the old communities came under the influence of other traditions.
The Jews came to what is now Belgium in the thirteenth century, settling at Arlon (Aarlen), Brussels, Hasselt, Jodoigne (Geldenaken), Zootleeuw (Leau), Leuven (Louvain), Mechelen (Malines), ...
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Prinsengracht 263-267, 1016 GV Amsterdam +01131 (0) 20 556 7105 http://www.annefrank.org/fr/
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Nieuwe Uilenburgerstraat 91, 1011 LM Amsterdam +31 (0) 87 876 5225 http://www.beithachidush.nl/
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Nieuwe Uilenburgerstraat 173-175, 1011 LN Amsterdam +31 (0) 20 622 5333 https://www.gassan.com/
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Mr. Visserplein 3, 1011 RD Amsterdam Tel : + 31 (0) 206245351 Portugees-Israëlietische Gemeente – Official Website of the Portuguese Jewish Community of Amsterdam (esnoga.com)
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Plantage Kerklaan 61A, 1018 CX Amsterdam +01131 (0) 20 620 2535 https://www.verzetsmuseum.org
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Plantage Middenlaan 24, 1018 DE Amsterdam +31 (0) 20 531 0310
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Waterlooplein 2, 1011 NV Amsterdam +31 (0) 20 552 4074 Waterlooplein flea market Amsterdam – The oldest flea market
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St. Antoniebreestraat 69, 1011 HB Amsterdam
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Museumstraat 1, 1071 XX Amsterdam Tel : +31 (0) 20 6747 000 https://www.rijksmuseum.nl
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Jodenbreestraat 4, 1011 NK Amsterdam +01131 (0) 20 520 0400 http://www.rembrandthuis.nl/
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