The Jewish community of Latvia traces its origins to the middle of the fourteenth century. Numbering today some 15000 persons, it developed in the principalities of Kurland and Livonia, territories that have often changed hands. The presence here of Baltic barons contributed to the Germanization of the country and placed the Jews themselves under this cultural influence. The gradual ...
Plus d'infosContenus associés au mot-clé “jewish community”
Lithuania
The Jewish community of Lithuania numbers only some 6000. People It is no more than a shadow of what it once was: until the Shoah, it was a center of the Yiddish-speaking lands. In a sense, everything began here from the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries when European Judaism's center of gravity shifted from Germany and France to Poland and Belarus. As a reaction to the pietisitic practices ...
Plus d'infosBelarus
The Republic of Belarus is a state formed of the disintegration of the Soviet Union. It has retained, however, close ties to Moscow. Historically, Belarus belonged to Lithuania in the fourteenth century, Poland in the fifteenth, and later the Russian Empire in the late eighteenth century. From 1920 to 1939, its western regions (including Grodno and Brest-Litovsk) were integrated within ...
Plus d'infosBosnia-Herzegovina
In Sarajevo, where most of Bosnia's Jews lived, the earliest refugees from the Iberian Peninsula began arriving around 1565, having first stopped in Italy, Greece, Bulgaria, and other regions under the Turkish domination. Belonging to the rayah (the term used by the Turks to designate non-Muslim populations under their control), as such they had a status equivalent to that of other ...
Plus d'infosSerbia
Serbia and Voivodina form, along with Montenegro, a nation that had been called The Federal Republic of Yugoslavia until 4 February 2003, when it was renamed Serbia and Montenegro. The Serbian and Voivodinan regions witnessed one of the first implementations of the Final Solution, its Jewish population as brutally martyred by German troops as were Jews in Poland or the Soviet Union. In fact, ...
Plus d'infosGreece
Below the Acropolis is Athens, a marble plaque engraved with a menorah has been uncovered amid the clutter of the Agora, near a statue of Emperor Hadrien. Perhaps it used to rest on one of the ancient synagogues visited by Saint Paul, who had as little success with the Athenian Jews as the Greek philosophers had with the Areopagus.
Plus d'infosTurkey
In the beautiful synagogue of Ahrida, one of the oldest in Istanbul, the tevah assumes the shape of a caravel symbolizing not only Noah's Ark but also the vessels that in 1492 transported the Jews banished from Spain to the shores of the Ottoman Empire. A royal edict issued in Granada, only recently recaptured from the Arabs, gave the Jews no choice but conversion to Catholicism or exile. ...
Plus d'infosRomania
There is little evidence of a Jewish presence on the coats of the Black Sea before the arrival of Roman legions in the early second century C.E. Vestiges, coins, and inscriptions preserved in a museum in Bucharest, however, attest to the existence of Jews in the region throughout the first millennium. Near the end of the thirteenth century, the great voyager Benjamin de Tudela had already ...
Plus d'infosPoland
Poland represents the most illustrious and tragic chapter in European Jewish history. For centuries, this country was the most welcoming to Jews fleeing Germany, Spain, and southern Europe; the continent largest Jewish community was born here, enjoying privileges and autonomy granted by the different kings and developing an incredibly rich culture of its own. Ultimately, however, Poland wound ...
Plus d'infosCzech Republic
Below the bell tower of Prague's Jewish city hall, there are two clock faces. One displays Roman numerals, and the other Hebrew letters. The hands of the first clock revolve in the normal clockwise direction while those of the second turn counterclockwise, following the customary manner of reading Hebrew right to left. Such clocks are rare, and this is the only one of its kind adorning a ...
Plus d'infosSlovakia
The history of Jews in Slovakia -dating from the sixteenth century under the protection of the Hapsburg- intersects that of their fellow believers in Hungary and the Czech Republic. Jews in these three countries experienced the same vicissitudes of discrimination, expulsions, and, in the seventeenth century, the acquisition of some civil rights. Numerous Jews from neighboring Moravia flocked ...
Plus d'infosHungary
At the Jewish Museum of Budapest, a replica of a tombstone dating from the third century bears the image of a menorah. This relic attests to nearly 1700 years of Jewish presence in the Carpathian basin, predating that of the Magyar tribes who broke free from the confines of the Ural Mountains during the ninth century. The modern history of Judaism in Hungary goes all the way back to ...
Plus d'infosCroatia
Jewish settlers had to wait until the death of Austria's Catholic and very anti-Semitic Archduchess Maria Theresa and the ascension of her her tolerant son, Joseph II, to gain the right to establish communities in northern Croatia, which at the time had been Hapsburg territory for nearly three centuries.
Plus d'infosSlovenia
A Slavic land under Germanic rule for many centuries, Slovenia finally gained independence in 1991. The fate of the Jewish population here depended largely over the years on the good will of its princes. Nonetheless, the Jewish presence in the region goes back to antiquity. Archaeological digs have revealed a tomb engraved with a menorah at the Skocjan site, which likely dates back to the ...
Plus d'infosPortugal
Portugal became an autonomous kingdom under Henry of Burgundy, a prince of French origin. His son, Alfonso I, was the first king of Portugal (1114-85). The history of its Jewish population differs from that of the Jews on the Iberian Peninsula. Alfonso was aware of the importance of the Jewish communities he had freed from the Muslim yoke and granted them his protection, putting the chief ...
Plus d'infosSwitzerland
Jewish craftsmen and merchants settled in Switzerland's Roman cities between the third and fourth centuries, but the first documents that mention them date only from the thirteenth century. Throughout the following two centuries, Jews were regularly accused of ritualistic crimes on Christian children and poisoning wells.
Plus d'infosKarl Marx House
Brückenstraße 10, 54290 Trier +49 (0) 651 970680 https://www.fes.de/marx/index_gr.html
Plus d'infosHeinrich Heine Institute
Bilker Str. 12-14, 40213 Düsseldorf +49 (0) 211 8992902 https://www.duesseldorf.de/heineinstitut/
Plus d'infosGermany
At the end of the nineteenth century, an international conference took place sponsored by the Zionist Organisation that was dedicated to the problem of the future national language of the Jewish state. A heated debate was held and the question put to vote: Hebrew won out only by several votes over German to become the national language. As absurd as it might seem, the language of Goethe ...
Plus d'infosBrussels
Brussels, the capital of the European institutions, a celebratory place appreciated by tourists, but also a city immortalised by the numerous comic strips born there, remains an amazing city. The cohabitation of a magnificent old town, office towers, and numerous bars where one finds the warm Belgian spirit. But also a worrying radicalism and its drifts, as illustrated by the terrorist attack ...
Plus d'infosJewish Museum of the Deportation and Resistance
Kazerne Dossin, 153 Goswin de Stassartstraat, 2800 Malines 01132 (0) 15 29 06 60 https://www.kazernedossin.eu
Plus d'infosJewish Museum of Belgium
21, rue des Minimes, 1000 Bruxelles 01132 (0) 2 512 19 63 Accueil
Plus d'infosSephardic Synagogue
154, rue Roosendael, 1090 Brussels http://www.cisu.be/
Plus d'infosBeth Hillel Synagogue
80, rue des Primeurs, 1090 Bruxelles 01132 (0) 2 332 25 28 http://www.beth-hillel.org/
Plus d'infosGrande Synagogue de la Régence
32, rue de la Régence, 1000 Bruxelles 01132 (0) 2 512 43 34
Plus d'infosCentral Israelite Consistory of Belgium
2, rue Joseph Dupont, 1000 Bruxelles 01132 (0) 2 512 43 34 http://www.jewishcom.be/
Plus d'infosAnne Frank House
Prinsengracht 263-267, 1016 GV Amsterdam +01131 (0) 20 556 7105 http://www.annefrank.org/fr/
Plus d'infosBeit Ha’Chidush
Nieuwe Uilenburgerstraat 91, 1011 LM Amsterdam +31 (0) 87 876 5225 http://www.beithachidush.nl/
Plus d'infosGassan Diamonds B.V.
Nieuwe Uilenburgerstraat 173-175, 1011 LN Amsterdam +31 (0) 20 622 5333 https://www.gassan.com/
Plus d'infosPortuguese Synagogue
Mr. Visserplein 3, 1011 RD Amsterdam Tel : + 31 (0) 206245351 Portugees-Israëlietische Gemeente – Official Website of the Portuguese Jewish Community of Amsterdam (esnoga.com)
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